Is Africa Splitting in Two? Really? Here's the Scoop (2024)

By: Clarissa Mitton|Mar 19, 2024

Is Africa Splitting in Two? Really? Here's the Scoop (1)

In the heart of East Africa, a seismic event is unfolding that could forever alter the continent's geographical landscape. The notion of Africa splitting has the attention scientists and geologists worldwide, as the Great Rift Valley stretches and tears at the Earth's crust.

This dramatic phenomenon is not the plot of a science fiction novel but a real and ongoing process that may lead to the birth of a new ocean, reshaping Africa's boundaries over millions of years.

Contents

  1. The Great Rift Valley
  2. Understanding Plate Tectonics
  3. Evidence of the Split
  4. What a Split Continent Means for Africa
  5. Comparing Africa's Rift With Other Geological Phenomena
  6. What Is Causing the Somali and Nubian Plates To Split?

The Great Rift Valley

The Great Rift Valley, which stretches from the Afar region down to Mozambique, offers breathtaking landscapes and is crucial for understanding the forces shaping our planet.

At the heart of this vast depression lies the East African Rift System (EARS), a zone where the African continent is slowly being torn apart. This site has attracted attention because a large crack recently made a sudden appearance in southwestern Kenya.

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Understanding Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics, the theory that explains the movement of the Earth's lithosphere, is central to understanding the division of the African continent.

The East African Rift System is a prime example of divergent tectonic plates pulling away from each other, with the African plate now appearing to be two separate entities — the Somalian tectonic plate and the larger Nubian tectonic plate — moving in opposite directions.

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This tectonic activity not only contributes to the possible formation of Earth's sixth ocean but also reshapes the geography of East Africa, echoing the processes that once separated the vast protocontinent, Pangea, to form the Atlantic Ocean.

If the Nubian and Somali plates continue to drift, countries like Uganda and Zambia may have their own coastlines in the future.

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Evidence of the Split

Recent geological surveys and satellite imagery have provided compelling evidence of the African continent's slow but steady split. These observations confirm the active splitting of the continent, as the East African Rift gradually widens.

It's important to note that while this discovery is exciting, the rifting process will take tens of millions of years to completely split. To put it into perspective, currently, the plates are diverging at an average rate of 0.2 inches (7 millimeters) per year.

While the rift is currently above sea level, over time, it will widen and the crust will thin and sink. Eventually, a small seaway will begin to invade the rift zone, much like the Red Sea, transforming the geography of the region and creating its own separate small continent.

What a Split Continent Means for Africa

The potential split of the African continent carries significant implications for its future. As the East African Rift Valley continues to expand, it could lead to the creation of an ocean basin, fundamentally altering the region's environment and climate.

This transformation could affect biodiversity, water resources and agricultural practices, posing both challenges and opportunities for the inhabitants of East Africa.

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Moreover, the gradual separation might influence the continent's geopolitical landscape, as new maritime routes emerge and nations reassess their territorial boundaries. It may even create new opportunities for trade and communication.

Comparing Africa's Rift With Other Geological Phenomena

While this geological phenomenon may seem revolutionary to some, it's actually quite common. If you look at a map, you'll quickly see how Africa and South America appear to fit perfectly together. This is because they were once a landmass. Over time, the land was split by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

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What Is Causing the Somali and Nubian Plates To Split?

While experts have known that Africa is splitting in two for a while, pinpointing the exact cause has been a struggle.

A wide zone of seismic activity and evidence now suggests the rift is caused by a superplume upwelling along the eastern edge of Africa. Ultimately, the sudden appearance of the crack may be due to heavy rainfall in the area.

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We created this article in conjunction with AI technology, then made sure it was fact-checked and edited by a HowStuffWorks editor.

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Is Africa Splitting in Two? Really? Here's the Scoop (2024)

FAQs

Is there really a new ocean forming in Africa? ›

Geologists predict that in 5 to 10 million years, the tectonic movement will eventually split the African continent into two, creating a new ocean basin. This new body of water would be the result of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden flooding over the Afar region and into the East African Rift Valley.

What will Africa look like in 2050? ›

By 2050, more than half of Africa's 2.2bn people will live in its rapidly expanding cities. That's the equivalent of the population of China. The UN has counted 71 African cities with a population higher than 750,000, many of which lack the infrastructure to support large populations.

Is a new continent forming? ›

Pangaea Proxima (also called Pangaea Ultima, Neopangaea, and Pangaea II) is a possible future supercontinent configuration. Consistent with the supercontinent cycle, Pangaea Proxima could form within the next 250 million years.

How is Africa divided? ›

African regions are treated under the titles Central Africa, eastern Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, and western Africa; these articles also contain the principal treatment of African historical and cultural development.

How long until Africa splits in two? ›

How long before Africa is divided? Not anytime soon. It will take millions of years for Africa to be sliced into two unequal parts. The new ocean will take at least 5 million to 10 million years to form which could eventually give the landlocked countries of Uganda and Zambia their own coastlines.

What body of water will become the next ocean? ›

Eventually, scientists expect the Afar Rift to connect the Red Sea to the north and the Arabian Sea to the south. When this happens, the Afar Rift will turn into a new ocean that will split Africa and release the Horn of Africa from its land mass, changing the future of a few landlocked countries.

Will climate change make Africa uninhabitable? ›

By the year 2100, extreme heat events will make parts of Asia and Africa uninhabitable for up to 600 million people, the United Nations and the Red Cross said Monday.

Will Africa be habitable in the future? ›

Large portions of the continent may become uninhabitable as a result of the rapid effects of climate change, which would have disastrous effects on human health, food security, and poverty. Regional effects on rainfall in the tropics are expected to be much more spatially variable.

Which continent will have the largest population in 2050? ›

Africa: fastest growing continent

More than half of global population growth between now and 2050 is expected to occur in Africa. Africa has the highest rate of population growth among major areas. The population of sub-Saharan Africa is projected to double by 2050.

Will humans be alive in 250 million years? ›

Humans and other mammals may only exist for another 250 million years on Earth — which is about as long as mammals have existed here at all — according to a new study that predicts the continents will collide and form one massive block of land that is too hot and too dry to live on.

What is the giant crack in Africa? ›

The East African Rift itself stretches over a staggering 3,000km from the Gulf of Aden in the north towards Zimbabwe in the south. As a result, it splits the African plate into two unequal parts: the Somali and Nubian plates.

What is causing Africa to split? ›

While experts have known that Africa is splitting in two for a while, pinpointing the exact cause has been a struggle. A wide zone of seismic activity and evidence now suggests the rift is caused by a superplume upwelling along the eastern edge of Africa.

What was Africa called before? ›

The ancient name of Africa was Alkebulan. Alkebu-lan “mother of mankind” or “garden of Eden”.” Alkebulan is the oldest and the only word of indigenous origin. It was used by the Moors, Nubians, Numidians, Khart-Haddans (Carthagenians), and Ethiopians.

Is Russia larger than Africa? ›

Africa is very very big. It's almost double in size as the largest country out there - Russia. In total, Africa is more than 30 million sq km while Russia stands at around 17million sq km. But Africa appears much smaller on most famous world maps because of Mercator projection.

Is there a crack forming in Africa? ›

How fast is Africa splitting? GPS measurements show that across the East African Rift, the Nubian and Somali plates are diverging at an average rate of 7mm (0.2in) per year, slowly pulling the continent apart. Today, the rift remains above sea level, but as it widens, the land within the valley will sink.

Is there a new ocean on Earth? ›

In an astounding revelation, researchers have uncovered yet another massive ocean hidden beneath the Earth's crust! According to the most recent findings, scientists have identified an immense reservoir of water, boasting a volume three times larger than that of all Earth's surface oceans combined.

Will the Red Sea become an ocean? ›

This split started in the Eocene and accelerated during the Oligocene. The sea is still widening (in 2005, following a three-week period of tectonic activity it had grown by 8 m [26 ft]), and it is considered that it will become an ocean in time (as proposed in the model of John Tuzo Wilson).

Is Africa getting water? ›

As a result, more than half of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa lack access to safe drinking water and an estimated 160 million people across the continent live under water scarcity conditions. The water emergency in Africa is largely climate-induced.

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